In the 21st century, information technologies (IT) have become an integral part of human activity. Sectors such as education, healthcare, economics, banking systems, public administration, and social communication are directly dependent on information systems. With the rapid development of technology—especially the internet, computer networks, and digital services—the issue of information security has gained paramount importance.
Along with new opportunities, the digital space has faced serious cyber threats. Cyberattacks, data theft, viruses, malicious software, and electronic fraud can cause significant damage to the economy, national security, and the personal lives of citizens. Therefore, the study and analysis of information security under modern cyber threats is a timely and crucial task.
The Concept of Information Security
Information security is a set of measures, tools, and methods aimed at protecting information from unauthorized access, alteration, destruction, or illegal dissemination. The main goal of information security is to ensure three key principles:
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Confidentiality — only authorized individuals should have access to information;
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Integrity — information must not be altered without permission;
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Availability — information must be accessible to users when needed.
These three principles form the foundation of modern information security systems and are applied in all international standards.
Modern Cyber Threats
With the development of digital technologies, cyber threats have become more complex and diverse. The main modern threats include:
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Malicious software
This group includes viruses, trojans, and spyware, which can:-
destroy or steal data;
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disrupt the operation of computer systems;
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provide hidden access to computers.
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Phishing attacks
Phishing is one of the most widespread forms of electronic fraud. Attackers obtain confidential user information (logins, passwords, banking details) through emails, social networks, or fake websites. -
DDoS attacks
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks lead to the shutdown of websites and network systems. Such attacks are often directed at government institutions, banks, and large companies. -
Data theft
As a result of cyberattacks, personal, financial, and commercial data may be disclosed, causing serious damage to the reputation of organizations and the security of citizens.
Factors Contributing to the Growth of Cyber Threats
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rapid digitalization of society;
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widespread use of the internet and mobile devices;
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low level of digital literacy among some users;
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insufficient information protection systems in certain organizations;
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use of illegal or outdated software.
Methods of Ensuring Information Security
To counter cyber threats, it is necessary to implement a set of technical, organizational, and legal measures.
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Technical measures
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use of antivirus software and firewalls;
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data encryption;
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regular data backup;
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continuous updating of systems and software.
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Organizational measures
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development of information security policies in organizations;
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limitation of employee access levels;
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training staff on cybersecurity rules.
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Legal measures
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adoption of laws and regulatory acts;
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establishment of liability for cyber crimes;
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international cooperation in the field of cybersecurity.
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The Role of the State and Society in Information Security
Information security is not solely the responsibility of technical specialists. The state, organizations, and citizens must act together. The state provides a legal framework through strategies and legislation. It should be noted that the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan establishes penalties for cyber crimes, including Chapter 28 “Crimes against Information Security,” Article 298 (unauthorized access to computer information), which specifies various types of punishment. Organizations implement security measures, while citizens must adhere to safe technology usage practices.
In the context of modern digitalization, information security has become one of the key elements of sustainable societal development.
Cyber threats continue to evolve, and new attack methods constantly emerge. Therefore, only a comprehensive approach, increased digital literacy, and continuous improvement of information protection systems can ensure data security.
Continuous education and development in the field of information security guarantee the protection of personal, public, and state interests in the digital environment.
Asliddin Dostizoda,
Assistant Lecturer, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Programming,
Technical College of the Tajik Technical University named after Academician M. Osimi
